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authorEli Zaretskii <[email protected]>2001-11-17 14:47:50 +0000
committerEli Zaretskii <[email protected]>2001-11-17 14:47:50 +0000
commitec641de95c4d2204260a3c9dc71a133955dbc2fb (patch)
treeed4cbb90d93fb83c98ea12fbe6d7eca6acc37b90 /lispref
parentc689a8fb8b8fdad97dfa619f90e2c648eb240f04 (diff)
Renamed to vol1.texi and vol2.texi.
Diffstat (limited to 'lispref')
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-rw-r--r--lispref/elisp-vol2.texi1046
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-\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
-@c %**start of header
-@setfilename elisp
-@settitle GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual: Volume 1
-@smallbook
-@c %**end of header
-
-
-@tex
-%%%% Experiment with smaller skip before sections and subsections.
-%%%% --rjc 30mar92
-
-\global\secheadingskip = 17pt plus 6pt minus 3pt
-\global\subsecheadingskip = 14pt plus 6pt minus 3pt
-
-% The defaults are:
-% \secheadingskip = 21pt plus 8pt minus 4pt
-% \subsecheadingskip = 17pt plus 8pt minus 4pt
-@end tex
-
-@finalout
-@c tex
-@c \overfullrule=0pt
-@c end tex
-
-@c Start volume 1 chapter numbering on chapter 1;
-@c this must be listed as chapno 0.
-@tex
-\global\chapno=0
-@end tex
-
-@c ================================================================
-@c Note: I was unable to figure out how to get .aux files copied
-@c properly in the time I had. Hence need to copy .aux file before
-@c running Tex. --rjc
-
-@tex
-
-\message{}
-\message{Redefining contents commands...}
-\message{}
-
-% Special @contents command
-
-% This inputs fixed up table of contents file rather than create new one.
-\global\def\contents{%
- \startcontents{Table of Contents}%
- \input elisp1-toc-ready.toc
- \endgroup
- \vfill \eject
-}
-
-% Special @summarycontents command
-% This inputs fixed up table of contents file rather than create new one.
-\global\def\summarycontents{%
- \startcontents{Short Contents}%
- %
- \let\chapentry = \shortchapentry
- \let\unnumbchapentry = \shortunnumberedentry
- % We want a true roman here for the page numbers.
- \secfonts
- \let\rm=\shortcontrm \let\bf=\shortcontbf \let\sl=\shortcontsl
- \rm
- \advance\baselineskip by 1pt % Open it up a little.
- \def\secentry ##1##2##3##4{}
- \def\unnumbsecentry ##1##2{}
- \def\subsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5{}
- \def\unnumbsubsecentry ##1##2{}
- \def\subsubsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5##6{}
- \def\unnumbsubsubsecentry ##1##2{}
- \input elisp1-toc-ready.toc
- \endgroup
- \vfill \eject
-}
-
-\message{}
-\message{Formatting special two volume edition...Volume 1...}
-\message{}
-@end tex
-@c ================================================================
-
-
-@c ==> This `elisp-small.texi' is a `smallbook' version of the manual.
-
-@c ==== Following are acceptable over and underfull hboxes in TeX ====
-
-@c -----
-@c [163] [164] [165] [166]) (loading.texi Chapter 13 [167] [168] [169]
-@c Overfull \hbox (20.5428pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 131--131
-@c []@ninett
-@c setenv EMAC-SLOAD-PATH .:/user/bil/emacs:/usr/local/lib/emacs/lisp[]
-@c -----
-@c (minibuf.texi Chapter 17 [206] [207] [208] [209] [210] [211] [212] [213]
-@c [214] [215]
-@c Overfull \hbox (2.09094pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 550--560
-@c @texttt map[] @textrm if @textsl require-match @textrm is
-@c @texttt nil[]@textrm , or else with the keymap @texttt minibuffer-
-@c -----
-@c (locals.texi Appendix @char 68 [533] [534]
-@c Underfull \hbox (badness 2512) in paragraph at lines 4--4
-@c []@chaprm Appendix DStandard Buffer-Local
-
-@c -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-@c
-@c Combine indices.
-@synindex cp fn
-@syncodeindex vr fn
-@syncodeindex ky fn
-@syncodeindex pg fn
-@syncodeindex tp fn
-@c oops: texinfo-format-buffer ignores synindex
-@c
-
-@ifinfo
-This file documents GNU Emacs Lisp.
-
-@c The edition number appears in several places in this file
-@c and also in the file intro.texi.
-This is edition 2.4 of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference
-Manual. It corresponds to Emacs Version 19.29.
-@c Please REMEMBER to update edition number in *four* places in this file
-@c and also in *one* place in ==> intro.texi <==
-@c huh? i only found three real places where the edition is stated, and
-@c one place where it is not stated explicitly ("this info file is newer
-@c than the foobar edition"). --mew 13sep93
-
-Published by the Free Software Foundation
-59 Temple Place, Suite 330
-Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
-
-Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-preserved on all copies.
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice
-identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this
-paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-permission notice identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
-except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation
-approved by the Foundation.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as
-in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
-distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
-one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
-except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
-included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
-instead of in the original English.
-@end ifinfo
-
-@setchapternewpage odd
-
-@iftex
-@shorttitlepage The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual: Volume 1
-@end iftex
-@titlepage
-@sp 1
-@center @titlefont{The}
-@sp 1
-@center @titlefont{GNU Emacs Lisp}
-@sp 1
-@center @titlefont{Reference Manual}
-@sp 2
-@center GNU Emacs Version 19.29
-@center for Unix Users
-@sp 1
-@center Edition 2.4, June 1995
-@sp 2
-@center @titlefont{Volume 1}
-@sp 3
-@center by Bil Lewis, Dan LaLiberte,
-@center and the GNU Manual Group
-@page
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-@sp 2
-Edition 2.4 @*
-Revised for Emacs Version 19.29,@*
-June, 1995.@*
-@sp 2
-ISBN 1-882114-71-X
-
-@sp 2
-Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
-59 Temple Place, Suite 330 @*
-Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
-
-@sp 1
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-preserved on all copies.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included
-exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire resulting
-derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice
-identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
-except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
-included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
-instead of in the original English.
-
-@sp 2
-Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.
-@end titlepage
-@page
-
-@node Top, Copying, (dir), (dir)
-
-@ifinfo
-This Info file contains edition 2.4 of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference
-Manual, corresponding to GNU Emacs version 19.29.
-@end ifinfo
-
-@menu
-* Copying:: Conditions for copying and changing GNU Emacs.
-* Introduction:: Introduction and conventions used.
-
-* Lisp Data Types:: Data types of objects in Emacs Lisp.
-* Numbers:: Numbers and arithmetic functions.
-* Strings and Characters:: Strings, and functions that work on them.
-* Lists:: Lists, cons cells, and related functions.
-* Sequences Arrays Vectors:: Lists, strings and vectors are called sequences.
- Certain functions act on any kind of sequence.
- The description of vectors is here as well.
-* Symbols:: Symbols represent names, uniquely.
-
-* Evaluation:: How Lisp expressions are evaluated.
-* Control Structures:: Conditionals, loops, nonlocal exits.
-* Variables:: Using symbols in programs to stand for values.
-* Functions:: A function is a Lisp program
- that can be invoked from other functions.
-* Macros:: Macros are a way to extend the Lisp language.
-
-* Loading:: Reading files of Lisp code into Lisp.
-* Byte Compilation:: Compilation makes programs run faster.
-* Debugging:: Tools and tips for debugging Lisp programs.
-
-* Read and Print:: Converting Lisp objects to text and back.
-* Minibuffers:: Using the minibuffer to read input.
-* Command Loop:: How the editor command loop works,
- and how you can call its subroutines.
-* Keymaps:: Defining the bindings from keys to commands.
-* Modes:: Defining major and minor modes.
-* Documentation:: Writing and using documentation strings.
-
-* Files:: Accessing files.
-* Backups and Auto-Saving:: Controlling how backups and auto-save
- files are made.
-* Buffers:: Creating and using buffer objects.
-* Windows:: Manipulating windows and displaying buffers.
-* Frames:: Making multiple X windows.
-* Positions:: Buffer positions and motion functions.
-* Markers:: Markers represent positions and update
- automatically when the text is changed.
-
-* Text:: Examining and changing text in buffers.
-* Searching and Matching:: Searching buffers for strings or regexps.
-* Syntax Tables:: The syntax table controls word and list parsing.
-* Abbrevs:: How Abbrev mode works, and its data structures.
-
-* Processes:: Running and communicating with subprocesses.
-* System Interface:: Getting the user id, system type, environment
- variables, and other such things.
-* Display:: Parameters controlling screen usage.
- The bell. Waiting for input.
-* Calendar:: Customizing the calendar and diary.
-
-Appendices
-
-* Tips:: Advice for writing Lisp programs.
-* GNU Emacs Internals:: Building and dumping Emacs;
- internal data structures.
-* Standard Errors:: List of all error symbols.
-* Standard Buffer-Local Variables:: List of variables local in all buffers.
-* Standard Keymaps:: List of standard keymaps.
-* Standard Hooks:: List of standard hook variables.
-
-* Index:: Index including concepts, functions, variables,
- and other terms.
-
- --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
-
-Here are other nodes that are inferiors of those already listed,
-mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
-
-Introduction
-
-* Caveats:: Flaws and a request for help.
-* Lisp History:: Emacs Lisp is descended from Maclisp.
-* Conventions:: How the manual is formatted.
-* Acknowledgements:: The authors, editors, and sponsors of this manual.
-
-Conventions
-
-* Some Terms:: Explanation of terms we use in this manual.
-* nil and t:: How the symbols @code{nil} and @code{t} are used.
-* Evaluation Notation:: The format we use for examples of evaluation.
-* Printing Notation:: The format we use for examples that print output.
-* Error Messages:: The format we use for examples of errors.
-* Buffer Text Notation:: The format we use for buffer contents in examples.
-* Format of Descriptions:: Notation for describing functions, variables, etc.
-
-Format of Descriptions
-
-* A Sample Function Description::
-* A Sample Variable Description::
-
-Lisp Data Types
-
-* Printed Representation:: How Lisp objects are represented as text.
-* Comments:: Comments and their formatting conventions.
-* Programming Types:: Types found in all Lisp systems.
-* Editing Types:: Types specific to Emacs.
-* Type Predicates:: Tests related to types.
-* Equality Predicates:: Tests of equality between any two objects.
-
-Programming Types
-
-* Integer Type:: Numbers without fractional parts.
-* Floating Point Type:: Numbers with fractional parts and with a large range.
-* Character Type:: The representation of letters, numbers and
- control characters.
-* Sequence Type:: Both lists and arrays are classified as sequences.
-* Cons Cell Type:: Cons cells, and lists (which are made from cons cells).
-* Array Type:: Arrays include strings and vectors.
-* String Type:: An (efficient) array of characters.
-* Vector Type:: One-dimensional arrays.
-* Symbol Type:: A multi-use object that refers to a function,
- variable, property list, or itself.
-* Function Type:: A piece of executable code you can call from elsewhere.
-* Macro Type:: A method of expanding an expression into another
- expression, more fundamental but less pretty.
-* Primitive Function Type:: A function written in C, callable from Lisp.
-* Byte-Code Type:: A function written in Lisp, then compiled.
-* Autoload Type:: A type used for automatically loading seldom-used
- functions.
-
-List Type
-
-* Dotted Pair Notation:: An alternative syntax for lists.
-* Association List Type:: A specially constructed list.
-
-Editing Types
-
-* Buffer Type:: The basic object of editing.
-* Window Type:: What makes buffers visible.
-* Window Configuration Type::Save what the screen looks like.
-* Marker Type:: A position in a buffer.
-* Process Type:: A process running on the underlying OS.
-* Stream Type:: Receive or send characters.
-* Keymap Type:: What function a keystroke invokes.
-* Syntax Table Type:: What a character means.
-
-Numbers
-
-* Integer Basics:: Representation and range of integers.
-* Float Basics:: Representation and range of floating point.
-* Predicates on Numbers:: Testing for numbers.
-* Comparison of Numbers:: Equality and inequality predicates.
-* Arithmetic Operations:: How to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
-* Bitwise Operations:: Logical and, or, not, shifting.
-* Numeric Conversions:: Converting float to integer and vice versa.
-* Math Functions:: Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions.
-* Random Numbers:: Obtaining random integers, predictable or not.
-
-Strings and Characters
-
-* String Basics:: Basic properties of strings and characters.
-* Predicates for Strings:: Testing whether an object is a string or char.
-* Creating Strings:: Functions to allocate new strings.
-* Text Comparison:: Comparing characters or strings.
-* String Conversion:: Converting characters or strings and vice versa.
-* Formatting Strings:: @code{format}: Emacs's analog of @code{printf}.
-* Character Case:: Case conversion functions.
-
-Lists
-
-* Cons Cells:: How lists are made out of cons cells.
-* Lists as Boxes:: Graphical notation to explain lists.
-* List-related Predicates:: Is this object a list? Comparing two lists.
-* List Elements:: Extracting the pieces of a list.
-* Building Lists:: Creating list structure.
-* Modifying Lists:: Storing new pieces into an existing list.
-* Sets And Lists:: A list can represent a finite mathematical set.
-* Association Lists:: A list can represent a finite relation or mapping.
-
-Modifying Existing List Structure
-
-* Setcar:: Replacing an element in a list.
-* Setcdr:: Replacing part of the list backbone.
- This can be used to remove or add elements.
-* Rearrangement:: Reordering the elements in a list; combining lists.
-
-Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors
-
-* Sequence Functions:: Functions that accept any kind of sequence.
-* Arrays:: Characteristics of arrays in Emacs Lisp.
-* Array Functions:: Functions specifically for arrays.
-* Vectors:: Functions specifically for vectors.
-
-Symbols
-
-* Symbol Components:: Symbols have names, values, function definitions
- and property lists.
-* Definitions:: A definition says how a symbol will be used.
-* Creating Symbols:: How symbols are kept unique.
-* Property Lists:: Each symbol has a property list
- for recording miscellaneous information.
-
-Evaluation
-
-* Intro Eval:: Evaluation in the scheme of things.
-* Eval:: How to invoke the Lisp interpreter explicitly.
-* Forms:: How various sorts of objects are evaluated.
-* Quoting:: Avoiding evaluation (to put constants in
- the program).
-
-Kinds of Forms
-
-* Self-Evaluating Forms:: Forms that evaluate to themselves.
-* Symbol Forms:: Symbols evaluate as variables.
-* Classifying Lists:: How to distinguish various sorts of list forms.
-* Function Forms:: Forms that call functions.
-* Macro Forms:: Forms that call macros.
-* Special Forms:: ``Special forms'' are idiosyncratic primitives,
- most of them extremely important.
-* Autoloading:: Functions set up to load files
- containing their real definitions.
-
-Control Structures
-
-* Sequencing:: Evaluation in textual order.
-* Conditionals:: @code{if}, @code{cond}.
-* Combining Conditions:: @code{and}, @code{or}, @code{not}.
-* Iteration:: @code{while} loops.
-* Nonlocal Exits:: Jumping out of a sequence.
-
-Nonlocal Exits
-
-* Catch and Throw:: Nonlocal exits for the program's own purposes.
-* Examples of Catch:: Showing how such nonlocal exits can be written.
-* Errors:: How errors are signaled and handled.
-* Cleanups:: Arranging to run a cleanup form if an
- error happens.
-
-Errors
-
-* Signaling Errors:: How to report an error.
-* Processing of Errors:: What Emacs does when you report an error.
-* Handling Errors:: How you can trap errors and continue execution.
-* Error Symbols:: How errors are classified for trapping them.
-
-Variables
-
-* Global Variables:: Variable values that exist permanently, everywhere.
-* Constant Variables:: Certain "variables" have values that never change.
-* Local Variables:: Variable values that exist only temporarily.
-* Void Variables:: Symbols that lack values.
-* Defining Variables:: A definition says a symbol is used as a variable.
-* Accessing Variables:: Examining values of variables whose names
- are known only at run time.
-* Setting Variables:: Storing new values in variables.
-* Variable Scoping:: How Lisp chooses among local and global values.
-* Buffer-Local Variables:: Variable values in effect only in one buffer.
-
-Scoping Rules for Variable Bindings
-
-* Scope:: Scope means where in the program a value
- is visible. Comparison with other languages.
-* Extent:: Extent means how long in time a value exists.
-* Impl of Scope:: Two ways to implement dynamic scoping.
-* Using Scoping:: How to use dynamic scoping carefully and
- avoid problems.
-
-Buffer-Local Variables
-
-* Intro to Buffer-Local:: Introduction and concepts.
-* Creating Buffer-Local:: Creating and destroying buffer-local bindings.
-* Default Value:: The default value is seen in buffers
- that don't have their own local values.
-
-Functions
-
-* What Is a Function:: Lisp functions vs primitives; terminology.
-* Lambda Expressions:: How functions are expressed as Lisp objects.
-* Function Names:: A symbol can serve as the name of a function.
-* Defining Functions:: Lisp expressions for defining functions.
-* Calling Functions:: How to use an existing function.
-* Mapping Functions:: Applying a function to each element of a list, etc.
-* Anonymous Functions:: Lambda-expressions are functions with no names.
-* Function Cells:: Accessing or setting the function definition
- of a symbol.
-* Related Topics:: Cross-references to specific Lisp primitives
- that have a special bearing on how
- functions work.
-
-Lambda Expressions
-
-* Lambda Components:: The parts of a lambda expression.
-* Simple Lambda:: A simple example.
-* Argument List:: Details and special features of argument lists.
-* Function Documentation:: How to put documentation in a function.
-
-Macros
-
-* Simple Macro:: A basic example.
-* Expansion:: How, when and why macros are expanded.
-* Compiling Macros:: How macros are expanded by the compiler.
-* Defining Macros:: How to write a macro definition.
-* Backquote:: Easier construction of list structure.
-* Problems with Macros:: Don't evaluate the macro arguments too many times.
- Don't hide the user's variables.
-
-Loading
-
-* How Programs Do Loading:: The @code{load} function and others.
-* Autoload:: Setting up a function to autoload.
-* Named Features:: Loading a library if it isn't already loaded.
-* Repeated Loading:: Precautions about loading a file twice.
-
-Byte Compilation
-
-* Compilation Functions:: Byte compilation functions.
-* Disassembly:: Disassembling byte-code; how to read byte-code.
-
-Debugging Lisp Programs
-
-* Debugger:: How the Emacs Lisp debugger is implemented.
-* Syntax Errors:: How to find syntax errors.
-* Compilation Errors:: How to find errors that show up in
- byte compilation.
-* Edebug:: A source-level Emacs Lisp debugger.
-
-The Lisp Debugger
-
-* Error Debugging:: Entering the debugger when an error happens.
-* Function Debugging:: Entering it when a certain function is called.
-* Explicit Debug:: Entering it at a certain point in the program.
-* Using Debugger:: What the debugger does; what you see while in it.
-* Debugger Commands:: Commands used while in the debugger.
-* Invoking the Debugger:: How to call the function @code{debug}.
-* Internals of Debugger:: Subroutines of the debugger, and global variables.
-
-Debugging Invalid Lisp Syntax
-
-* Excess Open:: How to find a spurious open paren or missing close.
-* Excess Close:: How to find a spurious close paren or missing open.
-
-Reading and Printing Lisp Objects
-
-* Streams Intro:: Overview of streams, reading and printing.
-* Input Streams:: Various data types that can be used as
- input streams.
-* Input Functions:: Functions to read Lisp objects from text.
-* Output Streams:: Various data types that can be used as
- output streams.
-* Output Functions:: Functions to print Lisp objects as text.
-
-Minibuffers
-
-* Intro to Minibuffers:: Basic information about minibuffers.
-* Text from Minibuffer:: How to read a straight text string.
-* Object from Minibuffer:: How to read a Lisp object or expression.
-* Completion:: How to invoke and customize completion.
-* Yes-or-No Queries:: Asking a question with a simple answer.
-* Minibuffer Misc:: Various customization hooks and variables.
-
-Completion
-
-* Basic Completion:: Low-level functions for completing strings.
- (These are too low level to use the minibuffer.)
-* Minibuffer Completion:: Invoking the minibuffer with completion.
-* Completion Commands:: Minibuffer commands that do completion.
-* High-Level Completion:: Convenient special cases of completion
- (reading buffer name, file name, etc.)
-* Reading File Names:: Using completion to read file names.
-* Programmed Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name.
-
-Command Loop
-
-* Command Overview:: How the command loop reads commands.
-* Defining Commands:: Specifying how a function should read arguments.
-* Interactive Call:: Calling a command, so that it will read arguments.
-* Command Loop Info:: Variables set by the command loop for you to examine.
-* Input Events:: What input looks like when you read it.
-* Reading Input:: How to read input events from the keyboard or mouse.
-* Waiting:: Waiting for user input or elapsed time.
-* Quitting:: How @kbd{C-g} works. How to catch or defer quitting.
-* Prefix Command Arguments:: How the commands to set prefix args work.
-* Recursive Editing:: Entering a recursive edit,
- and why you usually shouldn't.
-* Disabling Commands:: How the command loop handles disabled commands.
-* Command History:: How the command history is set up, and how accessed.
-* Keyboard Macros:: How keyboard macros are implemented.
-
-Defining Commands
-
-* Using Interactive:: General rules for @code{interactive}.
-* Interactive Codes:: The standard letter-codes for reading arguments
- in various ways.
-* Interactive Examples:: Examples of how to read interactive arguments.
-
-Keymaps
-
-* Keymap Terminology:: Definitions of terms pertaining to keymaps.
-* Format of Keymaps:: What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object.
-* Creating Keymaps:: Functions to create and copy keymaps.
-* Inheritance and Keymaps:: How one keymap can inherit the bindings
- of another keymap.
-* Prefix Keys:: Defining a key with a keymap as its definition.
-* Menu Keymaps:: A keymap can define a menu for X
- or for use from the terminal.
-* Active Keymaps:: Each buffer has a local keymap
- to override the standard (global) bindings.
- Each minor mode can also override them.
-* Key Lookup:: How extracting elements from keymaps works.
-* Functions for Key Lookup:: How to request key lookup.
-* Changing Key Bindings:: Redefining a key in a keymap.
-* Key Binding Commands:: Interactive interfaces for redefining keys.
-* Scanning Keymaps:: Looking through all keymaps, for printing help.
-
-Major and Minor Modes
-
-* Major Modes:: Defining major modes.
-* Minor Modes:: Defining minor modes.
-* Mode Line Format:: Customizing the text that appears in the mode line.
-* Hooks:: How to use hooks; how to write code that
- provides hooks.
-
-Major Modes
-
-* Major Mode Conventions:: Coding conventions for keymaps, etc.
-* Example Major Modes:: Text mode and Lisp modes.
-* Auto Major Mode:: How Emacs chooses the major mode automatically.
-* Mode Help:: Finding out how to use a mode.
-
-Minor Modes
-
-* Minor Mode Conventions:: Tips for writing a minor mode.
-* Keymaps and Minor Modes:: How a minor mode can have its own keymap.
-
-Mode Line Format
-
-* Mode Line Data:: The data structure that controls the mode line.
-* Mode Line Variables:: Variables used in that data structure.
-* %-Constructs:: Putting information into a mode line.
-
-Documentation
-
-* Documentation Basics:: Good style for doc strings.
- Where to put them. How Emacs stores them.
-* Accessing Documentation:: How Lisp programs can access doc strings.
-* Keys in Documentation:: Substituting current key bindings.
-* Describing Characters:: Making printable descriptions of
- non-printing characters and key sequences.
-* Help Functions:: Subroutines used by Emacs help facilities.
-
-Files
-
-* Visiting Files:: Reading files into Emacs buffers for editing.
-* Saving Buffers:: Writing changed buffers back into files.
-* Reading from Files:: Reading files into other buffers.
-* Writing to Files:: Writing new files from parts of buffers.
-* File Locks:: Locking and unlocking files, to prevent
- simultaneous editing by two people.
-* Information about Files:: Testing existence, accessibility, size of files.
-* Contents of Directories:: Getting a list of the files in a directory.
-* Changing File Attributes:: Renaming files, changing protection, etc.
-* File Names:: Decomposing and expanding file names.
-
-Visiting Files
-
-* Visiting Functions:: The usual interface functions for visiting.
-* Subroutines of Visiting:: Lower-level subroutines that they use.
-
-Information about Files
-
-* Testing Accessibility:: Is a given file readable? Writable?
-* Kinds of Files:: Is it a directory? A link?
-* File Attributes:: How large is it? Any other names? Etc.
-
-File Names
-
-* File Name Components:: The directory part of a file name, and the rest.
-* Directory Names:: A directory's name as a directory
- is different from its name as a file.
-* Relative File Names:: Some file names are relative to a
- current directory.
-* File Name Expansion:: Converting relative file names to absolute ones.
-* Unique File Names:: Generating names for temporary files.
-* File Name Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name.
-
-Backups and Auto-Saving
-
-* Backup Files:: How backup files are made; how their names
- are chosen.
-* Auto-Saving:: How auto-save files are made; how their
- names are chosen.
-* Reverting:: @code{revert-buffer}, and how to customize
- what it does.
-
-Backup Files
-
-* Making Backups:: How Emacs makes backup files, and when.
-* Rename or Copy:: Two alternatives: renaming the old file
- or copying it.
-* Numbered Backups:: Keeping multiple backups for each source file.
-* Backup Names:: How backup file names are computed; customization.
-
-Buffers
-
-* Buffer Basics:: What is a buffer?
-* Buffer Names:: Accessing and changing buffer names.
-* Buffer File Name:: The buffer file name indicates which file
- is visited.
-* Buffer Modification:: A buffer is @dfn{modified} if it needs to be saved.
-* Modification Time:: Determining whether the visited file was changed
- ``behind Emacs's back''.
-* Read Only Buffers:: Modifying text is not allowed in a
- read-only buffer.
-* The Buffer List:: How to look at all the existing buffers.
-* Creating Buffers:: Functions that create buffers.
-* Killing Buffers:: Buffers exist until explicitly killed.
-* Current Buffer:: Designating a buffer as current
- so primitives will access its contents.
-
-Windows
-
-* Basic Windows:: Basic information on using windows.
-* Splitting Windows:: Splitting one window into two windows.
-* Deleting Windows:: Deleting a window gives its space to other windows.
-* Selecting Windows:: The selected window is the one that you edit in.
-* Cyclic Window Ordering:: Moving around the existing windows.
-* Buffers and Windows:: Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
-* Displaying Buffers:: Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer
- and choosing a window for it.
-* Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point.
-* Window Start:: The display-start position controls which text
- is on-screen in the window.
-* Vertical Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in the window.
-* Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text sideways on the window.
-* Size of Window:: Accessing the size of a window.
-* Resizing Windows:: Changing the size of a window.
-* Window Configurations:: Saving and restoring the state of the screen.
-
-Frames
-
-* Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames.
-* Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other X displays.
-* Frame Parameters:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc.
-* Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles.
-* Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted.
-* Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames.
-* Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows;
- display of text always works through windows.
-* Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use.
-* Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame.
-* Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons.
-* Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows;
- lowering it makes the others hide them.
-* Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames.
-* Mouse Tracking:: Getting events that say when the mouse moves.
-* Mouse Position:: Asking where the mouse is, or moving it.
-* Pop-Up Menus:: Displaying a menu for the user to select from.
-* Dialog Boxes:: Displaying a box to ask yes or no.
-* Pointer Shapes:: Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer.
-* X Selections:: Transferring text to and from other X clients.
-* Color Names:: Getting the definitions of color names.
-* Resources:: Getting resource values from the server.
-* Server Data:: Getting info about the X server.
-
-Positions
-
-* Point:: The special position where editing takes place.
-* Motion:: Changing point.
-* Excursions:: Temporary motion and buffer changes.
-* Narrowing:: Restricting editing to a portion of the buffer.
-
-Motion
-
-* Character Motion:: Moving in terms of characters.
-* Word Motion:: Moving in terms of words.
-* Buffer End Motion:: Moving to the beginning or end of the buffer.
-* Text Lines:: Moving in terms of lines of text.
-* Screen Lines:: Moving in terms of lines as displayed.
-* List Motion:: Moving by parsing lists and sexps.
-* Skipping Characters:: Skipping characters belonging to a certain set.
-
-Markers
-
-* Overview of Markers:: The components of a marker, and how it relocates.
-* Predicates on Markers:: Testing whether an object is a marker.
-* Creating Markers:: Making empty markers or markers at certain places.
-* Information from Markers:: Finding the marker's buffer or character
- position.
-* Changing Markers:: Moving the marker to a new buffer or position.
-* The Mark:: How ``the mark'' is implemented with a marker.
-* The Region:: How to access ``the region''.
-
-Text
-
-* Near Point:: Examining text in the vicinity of point.
-* Buffer Contents:: Examining text in a general fashion.
-* Insertion:: Adding new text to a buffer.
-* Commands for Insertion:: User-level commands to insert text.
-* Deletion:: Removing text from a buffer.
-* User-Level Deletion:: User-level commands to delete text.
-* The Kill Ring:: Where removed text sometimes is saved for
- later use.
-* Undo:: Undoing changes to the text of a buffer.
-* Auto Filling:: How auto-fill mode is implemented to break lines.
-* Filling:: Functions for explicit filling.
-* Margins:: How to specify margins for filling commands.
-* Sorting:: Functions for sorting parts of the buffer.
-* Indentation:: Functions to insert or adjust indentation.
-* Columns:: Computing horizontal positions, and using them.
-* Case Changes:: Case conversion of parts of the buffer.
-* Substitution:: Replacing a given character wherever it appears.
-* Registers:: How registers are implemented. Accessing
- the text or position stored in a register.
-
-The Kill Ring
-
-* Kill Ring Concepts:: What text looks like in the kill ring.
-* Kill Functions:: Functions that kill text.
-* Yank Commands:: Commands that access the kill ring.
-* Low-Level Kill Ring:: Functions and variables for kill ring access.
-* Internals of Kill Ring:: Variables that hold kill-ring data.
-
-Indentation
-
-* Primitive Indent:: Functions used to count and insert indentation.
-* Mode-Specific Indent:: Customize indentation for different modes.
-* Region Indent:: Indent all the lines in a region.
-* Relative Indent:: Indent the current line based on previous lines.
-* Indent Tabs:: Adjustable, typewriter-like tab stops.
-* Motion by Indent:: Move to first non-blank character.
-
-Searching and Matching
-
-* String Search:: Search for an exact match.
-* Regular Expressions:: Describing classes of strings.
-* Regexp Search:: Searching for a match for a regexp.
-* Match Data:: Finding out which part of the text matched
- various parts of a regexp, after regexp search.
-* Saving Match Data:: Saving and restoring this information.
-* Standard Regexps:: Useful regexps for finding sentences, pages,...
-* Searching and Case:: Case-independent or case-significant searching.
-
-Regular Expressions
-
-* Syntax of Regexps:: Rules for writing regular expressions.
-* Regexp Example:: Illustrates regular expression syntax.
-
-Syntax Tables
-
-* Syntax Descriptors:: How characters are classified.
-* Syntax Table Functions:: How to create, examine and alter syntax tables.
-* Parsing Expressions:: Parsing balanced expressions
- using the syntax table.
-* Standard Syntax Tables:: Syntax tables used by various major modes.
-* Syntax Table Internals:: How syntax table information is stored.
-
-Syntax Descriptors
-
-* Syntax Class Table:: Table of syntax classes.
-* Syntax Flags:: Additional flags each character can have.
-
-Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion
-
-* Abbrev Mode:: Setting up Emacs for abbreviation.
-* Tables: Abbrev Tables. Creating and working with abbrev tables.
-* Defining Abbrevs:: Specifying abbreviations and their expansions.
-* Files: Abbrev Files. Saving abbrevs in files.
-* Expansion: Abbrev Expansion. Controlling expansion; expansion subroutines.
-* Standard Abbrev Tables:: Abbrev tables used by various major modes.
-
-Processes
-
-* Subprocess Creation:: Functions that start subprocesses.
-* Synchronous Processes:: Details of using synchronous subprocesses.
-* Asynchronous Processes:: Starting up an asynchronous subprocess.
-* Deleting Processes:: Eliminating an asynchronous subprocess.
-* Process Information:: Accessing run-status and other attributes.
-* Input to Processes:: Sending input to an asynchronous subprocess.
-* Signals to Processes:: Stopping, continuing or interrupting
- an asynchronous subprocess.
-* Output from Processes:: Collecting output from an asynchronous subprocess.
-* Sentinels:: Sentinels run when process run-status changes.
-* Network:: Opening network connections.
-
-Receiving Output from Processes
-
-* Process Buffers:: If no filter, output is put in a buffer.
-* Filter Functions:: Filter functions accept output from the process.
-* Accepting Output:: How to wait until process output arrives.
-
-Operating System Interface
-
-* Starting Up:: Customizing Emacs start-up processing.
-* Getting Out:: How exiting works (permanent or temporary).
-* System Environment:: Distinguish the name and kind of system.
-* Terminal Input:: Recording terminal input for debugging.
-* Terminal Output:: Recording terminal output for debugging.
-* Flow Control:: How to turn output flow control on or off.
-* Batch Mode:: Running Emacs without terminal interaction.
-
-Starting Up Emacs
-
-* Start-up Summary:: Sequence of actions Emacs performs at start-up.
-* Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}).
-* Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read.
-* Command Line Arguments:: How command line arguments are processed,
- and how you can customize them.
-
-Getting out of Emacs
-
-* Killing Emacs:: Exiting Emacs irreversibly.
-* Suspending Emacs:: Exiting Emacs reversibly.
-
-Emacs Display
-
-* Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
-* Truncation:: Folding or wrapping long text lines.
-* The Echo Area:: Where messages are displayed.
-* Selective Display:: Hiding part of the buffer text.
-* Overlay Arrow:: Display of an arrow to indicate position.
-* Temporary Displays:: Displays that go away automatically.
-* Waiting:: Forcing display update and waiting for user.
-* Blinking:: How Emacs shows the matching open parenthesis.
-* Usual Display:: How control characters are displayed.
-* Beeping:: Audible signal to the user.
-* Window Systems:: Which window system is being used.
-
-GNU Emacs Internals
-
-* Building Emacs:: How to preload Lisp libraries into Emacs.
-* Pure Storage:: A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable.
-* Garbage Collection:: Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used.
-* Object Internals:: Data formats of buffers, windows, processes.
-* Writing Emacs Primitives:: Writing C code for Emacs.
-
-Object Internals
-
-* Buffer Internals:: Components of a buffer structure.
-* Window Internals:: Components of a window structure.
-* Process Internals:: Components of a process structure.
-@end menu
-
-@c ================ Volume 1 ================
-
-@include intro.texi
-@include objects.texi
-@include numbers.texi
-@include strings.texi
-
-@include lists.texi
-@include sequences.texi
-@include symbols.texi
-@include eval.texi
-
-@include control.texi
-@include variables.texi
-@include functions.texi
-@include macros.texi
-
-@include loading.texi
-@include compile.texi
-@include debugging.texi
-@include streams.texi
-
-@include minibuf.texi
-@include commands.texi
-@include keymaps.texi
-@include modes.texi
-
-@c ================ Beginning of Volume 2 ================
-
-@c include help.texi
-@c include files.texi
-@c include backups.texi
-@c include buffers.texi
-
-@c include windows.texi
-@c include frames.texi
-@c include positions.texi
-@c include markers.texi
-@c include text.texi
-
-@c include searching.texi
-@c include syntax.texi
-@c include abbrevs.texi
-
-@c include processes.texi
-@c include os.texi
-@c include display.texi
-@c include calendar.texi
-
-@c MOVE to Emacs Manual: include misc-modes.texi
-
-@c appendices
-
-@c REMOVE this: include non-hacker.texi
-
-@c include tips.texi
-@c include internals.texi
-@c include errors.texi
-@c include locals.texi
-@c include maps.texi
-@c include hooks.texi
-@c include anti.texi
-
-@include index-vol1.texi
-
-@page
-@c Print the tables of contents
-@summarycontents
-@contents
-@c That's all
-
-@bye
-
-
-These words prevent "local variables" above from confusing Emacs.
diff --git a/lispref/elisp-vol2.texi b/lispref/elisp-vol2.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index 93e677ced5..0000000000
--- a/lispref/elisp-vol2.texi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1046 +0,0 @@
-\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
-@c %**start of header
-@setfilename elisp
-@settitle GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual: Volume 2
-@smallbook
-@c %**end of header
-
-
-@tex
-%%%% Experiment with smaller skip before sections and subsections.
-%%%% --rjc 30mar92
-
-\global\secheadingskip = 17pt plus 6pt minus 3pt
-\global\subsecheadingskip = 14pt plus 6pt minus 3pt
-
-% The defaults are:
-% \secheadingskip = 21pt plus 8pt minus 4pt
-% \subsecheadingskip = 17pt plus 8pt minus 4pt
-@end tex
-
-@finalout
-@c tex
-@c \overfullrule=0pt
-@c end tex
-
-@c Start volume 2 chapter numbering on chapter 21;
-@c this must be listed as chapno 20.
-@tex
-\global\chapno=20
-@end tex
-
-@c ================================================================
-@c Note: I was unable to figure out how to get .aux files copied
-@c properly in the time I had. Hence need to copy .aux file before
-@c running Tex. --rjc
-
-@tex
-
-\message{}
-\message{Redefining contents commands...}
-\message{}
-
-% Special @contents command
-
-% This inputs fixed up table of contents file rather than create new one.
-\global\def\contents{%
- \startcontents{Table of Contents}%
- \input elisp2-toc-ready.toc
- \endgroup
- \vfill \eject
-}
-
-% Special @summarycontents command
-% This inputs fixed up table of contents file rather than create new one.
-\global\def\summarycontents{%
- \startcontents{Short Contents}%
- %
- \let\chapentry = \shortchapentry
- \let\unnumbchapentry = \shortunnumberedentry
- % We want a true roman here for the page numbers.
- \secfonts
- \let\rm=\shortcontrm \let\bf=\shortcontbf \let\sl=\shortcontsl
- \rm
- \advance\baselineskip by 1pt % Open it up a little.
- \def\secentry ##1##2##3##4{}
- \def\unnumbsecentry ##1##2{}
- \def\subsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5{}
- \def\unnumbsubsecentry ##1##2{}
- \def\subsubsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5##6{}
- \def\unnumbsubsubsecentry ##1##2{}
- \input elisp2-toc-ready.toc
- \endgroup
- \vfill \eject
-}
-
-\message{}
-\message{Formatting special two volume edition...Volume 2...}
-\message{}
-@end tex
-@c ================================================================
-
-
-@c ==> This `elisp-small.texi' is a `smallbook' version of the manual.
-
-@c ==== Following are acceptable over and underfull hboxes in TeX ====
-
-@c -----
-@c [163] [164] [165] [166]) (loading.texi Chapter 13 [167] [168] [169]
-@c Overfull \hbox (20.5428pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 131--131
-@c []@ninett
-@c setenv EMAC-SLOAD-PATH .:/user/bil/emacs:/usr/local/lib/emacs/lisp[]
-@c -----
-@c (minibuf.texi Chapter 17 [206] [207] [208] [209] [210] [211] [212] [213]
-@c [214] [215]
-@c Overfull \hbox (2.09094pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 550--560
-@c @texttt map[] @textrm if @textsl require-match @textrm is
-@c @texttt nil[]@textrm , or else with the keymap @texttt minibuffer-
-@c -----
-@c (locals.texi Appendix @char 68 [533] [534]
-@c Underfull \hbox (badness 2512) in paragraph at lines 4--4
-@c []@chaprm Appendix DStandard Buffer-Local
-
-@c -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-@c
-@c Combine indices.
-@synindex cp fn
-@syncodeindex vr fn
-@syncodeindex ky fn
-@syncodeindex pg fn
-@syncodeindex tp fn
-@c oops: texinfo-format-buffer ignores synindex
-@c
-
-@ifinfo
-This file documents GNU Emacs Lisp.
-
-@c The edition number appears in several places in this file
-@c and also in the file intro.texi.
-This is edition 2.4 of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference
-Manual. It corresponds to Emacs Version 19.29.
-@c Please REMEMBER to update edition number in *four* places in this file
-@c and also in *one* place in ==> intro.texi <==
-@c huh? i only found three real places where the edition is stated, and
-@c one place where it is not stated explicitly ("this info file is newer
-@c than the foobar edition"). --mew 13sep93
-
-Published by the Free Software Foundation
-59 Temple Place, Suite 330
-Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
-
-Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-preserved on all copies.
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice
-identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this
-paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-permission notice identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
-except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation
-approved by the Foundation.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as
-in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
-distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
-one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
-except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
-included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
-instead of in the original English.
-@end ifinfo
-
-@setchapternewpage odd
-
-@iftex
-@shorttitlepage The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual: Volume 2
-@end iftex
-@titlepage
-@sp 1
-@center @titlefont{The}
-@sp 1
-@center @titlefont{GNU Emacs Lisp}
-@sp 1
-@center @titlefont{Reference Manual}
-@sp 2
-@center GNU Emacs Version 19.29
-@center for Unix Users
-@sp 1
-@center Edition 2.4, June 1995
-@sp 2
-@center @titlefont{Volume 2}
-@sp 3
-@center by Bil Lewis, Dan LaLiberte,
-@center and the GNU Manual Group
-@page
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-@sp 2
-Edition 2.4 @*
-Revised for Emacs Version 19.29,@*
-June, 1995.@*
-@sp 2
-ISBN 1-882114-71-X
-
-@sp 2
-Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
-59 Temple Place, Suite 330 @*
-Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
-
-@sp 1
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-preserved on all copies.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included
-exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire resulting
-derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice
-identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
-except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
-included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
-instead of in the original English.
-
-@sp 2
-Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.
-@end titlepage
-@page
-
-@node Top, Copying, (dir), (dir)
-
-@ifinfo
-This Info file contains edition 2.4 of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference
-Manual, corresponding to GNU Emacs version 19.29.
-@end ifinfo
-
-@menu
-* Copying:: Conditions for copying and changing GNU Emacs.
-* Introduction:: Introduction and conventions used.
-
-* Lisp Data Types:: Data types of objects in Emacs Lisp.
-* Numbers:: Numbers and arithmetic functions.
-* Strings and Characters:: Strings, and functions that work on them.
-* Lists:: Lists, cons cells, and related functions.
-* Sequences Arrays Vectors:: Lists, strings and vectors are called sequences.
- Certain functions act on any kind of sequence.
- The description of vectors is here as well.
-* Symbols:: Symbols represent names, uniquely.
-
-* Evaluation:: How Lisp expressions are evaluated.
-* Control Structures:: Conditionals, loops, nonlocal exits.
-* Variables:: Using symbols in programs to stand for values.
-* Functions:: A function is a Lisp program
- that can be invoked from other functions.
-* Macros:: Macros are a way to extend the Lisp language.
-
-* Loading:: Reading files of Lisp code into Lisp.
-* Byte Compilation:: Compilation makes programs run faster.
-* Debugging:: Tools and tips for debugging Lisp programs.
-
-* Read and Print:: Converting Lisp objects to text and back.
-* Minibuffers:: Using the minibuffer to read input.
-* Command Loop:: How the editor command loop works,
- and how you can call its subroutines.
-* Keymaps:: Defining the bindings from keys to commands.
-* Modes:: Defining major and minor modes.
-* Documentation:: Writing and using documentation strings.
-
-* Files:: Accessing files.
-* Backups and Auto-Saving:: Controlling how backups and auto-save
- files are made.
-* Buffers:: Creating and using buffer objects.
-* Windows:: Manipulating windows and displaying buffers.
-* Frames:: Making multiple X windows.
-* Positions:: Buffer positions and motion functions.
-* Markers:: Markers represent positions and update
- automatically when the text is changed.
-
-* Text:: Examining and changing text in buffers.
-* Searching and Matching:: Searching buffers for strings or regexps.
-* Syntax Tables:: The syntax table controls word and list parsing.
-* Abbrevs:: How Abbrev mode works, and its data structures.
-
-* Processes:: Running and communicating with subprocesses.
-* System Interface:: Getting the user id, system type, environment
- variables, and other such things.
-* Display:: Parameters controlling screen usage.
- The bell. Waiting for input.
-* Calendar:: Customizing the calendar and diary.
-
-Appendices
-
-* Tips:: Advice for writing Lisp programs.
-* GNU Emacs Internals:: Building and dumping Emacs;
- internal data structures.
-* Standard Errors:: List of all error symbols.
-* Standard Buffer-Local Variables:: List of variables local in all buffers.
-* Standard Keymaps:: List of standard keymaps.
-* Standard Hooks:: List of standard hook variables.
-
-* Index:: Index including concepts, functions, variables,
- and other terms.
-
- --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
-
-Here are other nodes that are inferiors of those already listed,
-mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
-
-Introduction
-
-* Caveats:: Flaws and a request for help.
-* Lisp History:: Emacs Lisp is descended from Maclisp.
-* Conventions:: How the manual is formatted.
-* Acknowledgements:: The authors, editors, and sponsors of this manual.
-
-Conventions
-
-* Some Terms:: Explanation of terms we use in this manual.
-* nil and t:: How the symbols @code{nil} and @code{t} are used.
-* Evaluation Notation:: The format we use for examples of evaluation.
-* Printing Notation:: The format we use for examples that print output.
-* Error Messages:: The format we use for examples of errors.
-* Buffer Text Notation:: The format we use for buffer contents in examples.
-* Format of Descriptions:: Notation for describing functions, variables, etc.
-
-Format of Descriptions
-
-* A Sample Function Description::
-* A Sample Variable Description::
-
-Lisp Data Types
-
-* Printed Representation:: How Lisp objects are represented as text.
-* Comments:: Comments and their formatting conventions.
-* Programming Types:: Types found in all Lisp systems.
-* Editing Types:: Types specific to Emacs.
-* Type Predicates:: Tests related to types.
-* Equality Predicates:: Tests of equality between any two objects.
-
-Programming Types
-
-* Integer Type:: Numbers without fractional parts.
-* Floating Point Type:: Numbers with fractional parts and with a large range.
-* Character Type:: The representation of letters, numbers and
- control characters.
-* Sequence Type:: Both lists and arrays are classified as sequences.
-* Cons Cell Type:: Cons cells, and lists (which are made from cons cells).
-* Array Type:: Arrays include strings and vectors.
-* String Type:: An (efficient) array of characters.
-* Vector Type:: One-dimensional arrays.
-* Symbol Type:: A multi-use object that refers to a function,
- variable, property list, or itself.
-* Function Type:: A piece of executable code you can call from elsewhere.
-* Macro Type:: A method of expanding an expression into another
- expression, more fundamental but less pretty.
-* Primitive Function Type:: A function written in C, callable from Lisp.
-* Byte-Code Type:: A function written in Lisp, then compiled.
-* Autoload Type:: A type used for automatically loading seldom-used
- functions.
-
-List Type
-
-* Dotted Pair Notation:: An alternative syntax for lists.
-* Association List Type:: A specially constructed list.
-
-Editing Types
-
-* Buffer Type:: The basic object of editing.
-* Window Type:: What makes buffers visible.
-* Window Configuration Type::Save what the screen looks like.
-* Marker Type:: A position in a buffer.
-* Process Type:: A process running on the underlying OS.
-* Stream Type:: Receive or send characters.
-* Keymap Type:: What function a keystroke invokes.
-* Syntax Table Type:: What a character means.
-
-Numbers
-
-* Integer Basics:: Representation and range of integers.
-* Float Basics:: Representation and range of floating point.
-* Predicates on Numbers:: Testing for numbers.
-* Comparison of Numbers:: Equality and inequality predicates.
-* Arithmetic Operations:: How to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
-* Bitwise Operations:: Logical and, or, not, shifting.
-* Numeric Conversions:: Converting float to integer and vice versa.
-* Math Functions:: Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions.
-* Random Numbers:: Obtaining random integers, predictable or not.
-
-Strings and Characters
-
-* String Basics:: Basic properties of strings and characters.
-* Predicates for Strings:: Testing whether an object is a string or char.
-* Creating Strings:: Functions to allocate new strings.
-* Text Comparison:: Comparing characters or strings.
-* String Conversion:: Converting characters or strings and vice versa.
-* Formatting Strings:: @code{format}: Emacs's analog of @code{printf}.
-* Character Case:: Case conversion functions.
-
-Lists
-
-* Cons Cells:: How lists are made out of cons cells.
-* Lists as Boxes:: Graphical notation to explain lists.
-* List-related Predicates:: Is this object a list? Comparing two lists.
-* List Elements:: Extracting the pieces of a list.
-* Building Lists:: Creating list structure.
-* Modifying Lists:: Storing new pieces into an existing list.
-* Sets And Lists:: A list can represent a finite mathematical set.
-* Association Lists:: A list can represent a finite relation or mapping.
-
-Modifying Existing List Structure
-
-* Setcar:: Replacing an element in a list.
-* Setcdr:: Replacing part of the list backbone.
- This can be used to remove or add elements.
-* Rearrangement:: Reordering the elements in a list; combining lists.
-
-Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors
-
-* Sequence Functions:: Functions that accept any kind of sequence.
-* Arrays:: Characteristics of arrays in Emacs Lisp.
-* Array Functions:: Functions specifically for arrays.
-* Vectors:: Functions specifically for vectors.
-
-Symbols
-
-* Symbol Components:: Symbols have names, values, function definitions
- and property lists.
-* Definitions:: A definition says how a symbol will be used.
-* Creating Symbols:: How symbols are kept unique.
-* Property Lists:: Each symbol has a property list
- for recording miscellaneous information.
-
-Evaluation
-
-* Intro Eval:: Evaluation in the scheme of things.
-* Eval:: How to invoke the Lisp interpreter explicitly.
-* Forms:: How various sorts of objects are evaluated.
-* Quoting:: Avoiding evaluation (to put constants in
- the program).
-
-Kinds of Forms
-
-* Self-Evaluating Forms:: Forms that evaluate to themselves.
-* Symbol Forms:: Symbols evaluate as variables.
-* Classifying Lists:: How to distinguish various sorts of list forms.
-* Function Forms:: Forms that call functions.
-* Macro Forms:: Forms that call macros.
-* Special Forms:: ``Special forms'' are idiosyncratic primitives,
- most of them extremely important.
-* Autoloading:: Functions set up to load files
- containing their real definitions.
-
-Control Structures
-
-* Sequencing:: Evaluation in textual order.
-* Conditionals:: @code{if}, @code{cond}.
-* Combining Conditions:: @code{and}, @code{or}, @code{not}.
-* Iteration:: @code{while} loops.
-* Nonlocal Exits:: Jumping out of a sequence.
-
-Nonlocal Exits
-
-* Catch and Throw:: Nonlocal exits for the program's own purposes.
-* Examples of Catch:: Showing how such nonlocal exits can be written.
-* Errors:: How errors are signaled and handled.
-* Cleanups:: Arranging to run a cleanup form if an
- error happens.
-
-Errors
-
-* Signaling Errors:: How to report an error.
-* Processing of Errors:: What Emacs does when you report an error.
-* Handling Errors:: How you can trap errors and continue execution.
-* Error Symbols:: How errors are classified for trapping them.
-
-Variables
-
-* Global Variables:: Variable values that exist permanently, everywhere.
-* Constant Variables:: Certain "variables" have values that never change.
-* Local Variables:: Variable values that exist only temporarily.
-* Void Variables:: Symbols that lack values.
-* Defining Variables:: A definition says a symbol is used as a variable.
-* Accessing Variables:: Examining values of variables whose names
- are known only at run time.
-* Setting Variables:: Storing new values in variables.
-* Variable Scoping:: How Lisp chooses among local and global values.
-* Buffer-Local Variables:: Variable values in effect only in one buffer.
-
-Scoping Rules for Variable Bindings
-
-* Scope:: Scope means where in the program a value
- is visible. Comparison with other languages.
-* Extent:: Extent means how long in time a value exists.
-* Impl of Scope:: Two ways to implement dynamic scoping.
-* Using Scoping:: How to use dynamic scoping carefully and
- avoid problems.
-
-Buffer-Local Variables
-
-* Intro to Buffer-Local:: Introduction and concepts.
-* Creating Buffer-Local:: Creating and destroying buffer-local bindings.
-* Default Value:: The default value is seen in buffers
- that don't have their own local values.
-
-Functions
-
-* What Is a Function:: Lisp functions vs primitives; terminology.
-* Lambda Expressions:: How functions are expressed as Lisp objects.
-* Function Names:: A symbol can serve as the name of a function.
-* Defining Functions:: Lisp expressions for defining functions.
-* Calling Functions:: How to use an existing function.
-* Mapping Functions:: Applying a function to each element of a list, etc.
-* Anonymous Functions:: Lambda-expressions are functions with no names.
-* Function Cells:: Accessing or setting the function definition
- of a symbol.
-* Related Topics:: Cross-references to specific Lisp primitives
- that have a special bearing on how
- functions work.
-
-Lambda Expressions
-
-* Lambda Components:: The parts of a lambda expression.
-* Simple Lambda:: A simple example.
-* Argument List:: Details and special features of argument lists.
-* Function Documentation:: How to put documentation in a function.
-
-Macros
-
-* Simple Macro:: A basic example.
-* Expansion:: How, when and why macros are expanded.
-* Compiling Macros:: How macros are expanded by the compiler.
-* Defining Macros:: How to write a macro definition.
-* Backquote:: Easier construction of list structure.
-* Problems with Macros:: Don't evaluate the macro arguments too many times.
- Don't hide the user's variables.
-
-Loading
-
-* How Programs Do Loading:: The @code{load} function and others.
-* Autoload:: Setting up a function to autoload.
-* Named Features:: Loading a library if it isn't already loaded.
-* Repeated Loading:: Precautions about loading a file twice.
-
-Byte Compilation
-
-* Compilation Functions:: Byte compilation functions.
-* Disassembly:: Disassembling byte-code; how to read byte-code.
-
-Debugging Lisp Programs
-
-* Debugger:: How the Emacs Lisp debugger is implemented.
-* Syntax Errors:: How to find syntax errors.
-* Compilation Errors:: How to find errors that show up in
- byte compilation.
-* Edebug:: A source-level Emacs Lisp debugger.
-
-The Lisp Debugger
-
-* Error Debugging:: Entering the debugger when an error happens.
-* Function Debugging:: Entering it when a certain function is called.
-* Explicit Debug:: Entering it at a certain point in the program.
-* Using Debugger:: What the debugger does; what you see while in it.
-* Debugger Commands:: Commands used while in the debugger.
-* Invoking the Debugger:: How to call the function @code{debug}.
-* Internals of Debugger:: Subroutines of the debugger, and global variables.
-
-Debugging Invalid Lisp Syntax
-
-* Excess Open:: How to find a spurious open paren or missing close.
-* Excess Close:: How to find a spurious close paren or missing open.
-
-Reading and Printing Lisp Objects
-
-* Streams Intro:: Overview of streams, reading and printing.
-* Input Streams:: Various data types that can be used as
- input streams.
-* Input Functions:: Functions to read Lisp objects from text.
-* Output Streams:: Various data types that can be used as
- output streams.
-* Output Functions:: Functions to print Lisp objects as text.
-
-Minibuffers
-
-* Intro to Minibuffers:: Basic information about minibuffers.
-* Text from Minibuffer:: How to read a straight text string.
-* Object from Minibuffer:: How to read a Lisp object or expression.
-* Completion:: How to invoke and customize completion.
-* Yes-or-No Queries:: Asking a question with a simple answer.
-* Minibuffer Misc:: Various customization hooks and variables.
-
-Completion
-
-* Basic Completion:: Low-level functions for completing strings.
- (These are too low level to use the minibuffer.)
-* Minibuffer Completion:: Invoking the minibuffer with completion.
-* Completion Commands:: Minibuffer commands that do completion.
-* High-Level Completion:: Convenient special cases of completion
- (reading buffer name, file name, etc.)
-* Reading File Names:: Using completion to read file names.
-* Programmed Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name.
-
-Command Loop
-
-* Command Overview:: How the command loop reads commands.
-* Defining Commands:: Specifying how a function should read arguments.
-* Interactive Call:: Calling a command, so that it will read arguments.
-* Command Loop Info:: Variables set by the command loop for you to examine.
-* Input Events:: What input looks like when you read it.
-* Reading Input:: How to read input events from the keyboard or mouse.
-* Waiting:: Waiting for user input or elapsed time.
-* Quitting:: How @kbd{C-g} works. How to catch or defer quitting.
-* Prefix Command Arguments:: How the commands to set prefix args work.
-* Recursive Editing:: Entering a recursive edit,
- and why you usually shouldn't.
-* Disabling Commands:: How the command loop handles disabled commands.
-* Command History:: How the command history is set up, and how accessed.
-* Keyboard Macros:: How keyboard macros are implemented.
-
-Defining Commands
-
-* Using Interactive:: General rules for @code{interactive}.
-* Interactive Codes:: The standard letter-codes for reading arguments
- in various ways.
-* Interactive Examples:: Examples of how to read interactive arguments.
-
-Keymaps
-
-* Keymap Terminology:: Definitions of terms pertaining to keymaps.
-* Format of Keymaps:: What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object.
-* Creating Keymaps:: Functions to create and copy keymaps.
-* Inheritance and Keymaps:: How one keymap can inherit the bindings
- of another keymap.
-* Prefix Keys:: Defining a key with a keymap as its definition.
-* Menu Keymaps:: A keymap can define a menu for X
- or for use from the terminal.
-* Active Keymaps:: Each buffer has a local keymap
- to override the standard (global) bindings.
- Each minor mode can also override them.
-* Key Lookup:: How extracting elements from keymaps works.
-* Functions for Key Lookup:: How to request key lookup.
-* Changing Key Bindings:: Redefining a key in a keymap.
-* Key Binding Commands:: Interactive interfaces for redefining keys.
-* Scanning Keymaps:: Looking through all keymaps, for printing help.
-
-Major and Minor Modes
-
-* Major Modes:: Defining major modes.
-* Minor Modes:: Defining minor modes.
-* Mode Line Format:: Customizing the text that appears in the mode line.
-* Hooks:: How to use hooks; how to write code that
- provides hooks.
-
-Major Modes
-
-* Major Mode Conventions:: Coding conventions for keymaps, etc.
-* Example Major Modes:: Text mode and Lisp modes.
-* Auto Major Mode:: How Emacs chooses the major mode automatically.
-* Mode Help:: Finding out how to use a mode.
-
-Minor Modes
-
-* Minor Mode Conventions:: Tips for writing a minor mode.
-* Keymaps and Minor Modes:: How a minor mode can have its own keymap.
-
-Mode Line Format
-
-* Mode Line Data:: The data structure that controls the mode line.
-* Mode Line Variables:: Variables used in that data structure.
-* %-Constructs:: Putting information into a mode line.
-
-Documentation
-
-* Documentation Basics:: Good style for doc strings.
- Where to put them. How Emacs stores them.
-* Accessing Documentation:: How Lisp programs can access doc strings.
-* Keys in Documentation:: Substituting current key bindings.
-* Describing Characters:: Making printable descriptions of
- non-printing characters and key sequences.
-* Help Functions:: Subroutines used by Emacs help facilities.
-
-Files
-
-* Visiting Files:: Reading files into Emacs buffers for editing.
-* Saving Buffers:: Writing changed buffers back into files.
-* Reading from Files:: Reading files into other buffers.
-* Writing to Files:: Writing new files from parts of buffers.
-* File Locks:: Locking and unlocking files, to prevent
- simultaneous editing by two people.
-* Information about Files:: Testing existence, accessibility, size of files.
-* Contents of Directories:: Getting a list of the files in a directory.
-* Changing File Attributes:: Renaming files, changing protection, etc.
-* File Names:: Decomposing and expanding file names.
-
-Visiting Files
-
-* Visiting Functions:: The usual interface functions for visiting.
-* Subroutines of Visiting:: Lower-level subroutines that they use.
-
-Information about Files
-
-* Testing Accessibility:: Is a given file readable? Writable?
-* Kinds of Files:: Is it a directory? A link?
-* File Attributes:: How large is it? Any other names? Etc.
-
-File Names
-
-* File Name Components:: The directory part of a file name, and the rest.
-* Directory Names:: A directory's name as a directory
- is different from its name as a file.
-* Relative File Names:: Some file names are relative to a
- current directory.
-* File Name Expansion:: Converting relative file names to absolute ones.
-* Unique File Names:: Generating names for temporary files.
-* File Name Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name.
-
-Backups and Auto-Saving
-
-* Backup Files:: How backup files are made; how their names
- are chosen.
-* Auto-Saving:: How auto-save files are made; how their
- names are chosen.
-* Reverting:: @code{revert-buffer}, and how to customize
- what it does.
-
-Backup Files
-
-* Making Backups:: How Emacs makes backup files, and when.
-* Rename or Copy:: Two alternatives: renaming the old file
- or copying it.
-* Numbered Backups:: Keeping multiple backups for each source file.
-* Backup Names:: How backup file names are computed; customization.
-
-Buffers
-
-* Buffer Basics:: What is a buffer?
-* Buffer Names:: Accessing and changing buffer names.
-* Buffer File Name:: The buffer file name indicates which file
- is visited.
-* Buffer Modification:: A buffer is @dfn{modified} if it needs to be saved.
-* Modification Time:: Determining whether the visited file was changed
- ``behind Emacs's back''.
-* Read Only Buffers:: Modifying text is not allowed in a
- read-only buffer.
-* The Buffer List:: How to look at all the existing buffers.
-* Creating Buffers:: Functions that create buffers.
-* Killing Buffers:: Buffers exist until explicitly killed.
-* Current Buffer:: Designating a buffer as current
- so primitives will access its contents.
-
-Windows
-
-* Basic Windows:: Basic information on using windows.
-* Splitting Windows:: Splitting one window into two windows.
-* Deleting Windows:: Deleting a window gives its space to other windows.
-* Selecting Windows:: The selected window is the one that you edit in.
-* Cyclic Window Ordering:: Moving around the existing windows.
-* Buffers and Windows:: Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
-* Displaying Buffers:: Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer
- and choosing a window for it.
-* Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point.
-* Window Start:: The display-start position controls which text
- is on-screen in the window.
-* Vertical Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in the window.
-* Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text sideways on the window.
-* Size of Window:: Accessing the size of a window.
-* Resizing Windows:: Changing the size of a window.
-* Window Configurations:: Saving and restoring the state of the screen.
-
-Frames
-
-* Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames.
-* Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other X displays.
-* Frame Parameters:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc.
-* Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles.
-* Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted.
-* Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames.
-* Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows;
- display of text always works through windows.
-* Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use.
-* Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame.
-* Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons.
-* Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows;
- lowering it makes the others hide them.
-* Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames.
-* Mouse Tracking:: Getting events that say when the mouse moves.
-* Mouse Position:: Asking where the mouse is, or moving it.
-* Pop-Up Menus:: Displaying a menu for the user to select from.
-* Dialog Boxes:: Displaying a box to ask yes or no.
-* Pointer Shapes:: Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer.
-* X Selections:: Transferring text to and from other X clients.
-* Color Names:: Getting the definitions of color names.
-* Resources:: Getting resource values from the server.
-* Server Data:: Getting info about the X server.
-
-Positions
-
-* Point:: The special position where editing takes place.
-* Motion:: Changing point.
-* Excursions:: Temporary motion and buffer changes.
-* Narrowing:: Restricting editing to a portion of the buffer.
-
-Motion
-
-* Character Motion:: Moving in terms of characters.
-* Word Motion:: Moving in terms of words.
-* Buffer End Motion:: Moving to the beginning or end of the buffer.
-* Text Lines:: Moving in terms of lines of text.
-* Screen Lines:: Moving in terms of lines as displayed.
-* List Motion:: Moving by parsing lists and sexps.
-* Skipping Characters:: Skipping characters belonging to a certain set.
-
-Markers
-
-* Overview of Markers:: The components of a marker, and how it relocates.
-* Predicates on Markers:: Testing whether an object is a marker.
-* Creating Markers:: Making empty markers or markers at certain places.
-* Information from Markers:: Finding the marker's buffer or character
- position.
-* Changing Markers:: Moving the marker to a new buffer or position.
-* The Mark:: How ``the mark'' is implemented with a marker.
-* The Region:: How to access ``the region''.
-
-Text
-
-* Near Point:: Examining text in the vicinity of point.
-* Buffer Contents:: Examining text in a general fashion.
-* Insertion:: Adding new text to a buffer.
-* Commands for Insertion:: User-level commands to insert text.
-* Deletion:: Removing text from a buffer.
-* User-Level Deletion:: User-level commands to delete text.
-* The Kill Ring:: Where removed text sometimes is saved for
- later use.
-* Undo:: Undoing changes to the text of a buffer.
-* Auto Filling:: How auto-fill mode is implemented to break lines.
-* Filling:: Functions for explicit filling.
-* Margins:: How to specify margins for filling commands.
-* Sorting:: Functions for sorting parts of the buffer.
-* Indentation:: Functions to insert or adjust indentation.
-* Columns:: Computing horizontal positions, and using them.
-* Case Changes:: Case conversion of parts of the buffer.
-* Substitution:: Replacing a given character wherever it appears.
-* Registers:: How registers are implemented. Accessing
- the text or position stored in a register.
-
-The Kill Ring
-
-* Kill Ring Concepts:: What text looks like in the kill ring.
-* Kill Functions:: Functions that kill text.
-* Yank Commands:: Commands that access the kill ring.
-* Low-Level Kill Ring:: Functions and variables for kill ring access.
-* Internals of Kill Ring:: Variables that hold kill-ring data.
-
-Indentation
-
-* Primitive Indent:: Functions used to count and insert indentation.
-* Mode-Specific Indent:: Customize indentation for different modes.
-* Region Indent:: Indent all the lines in a region.
-* Relative Indent:: Indent the current line based on previous lines.
-* Indent Tabs:: Adjustable, typewriter-like tab stops.
-* Motion by Indent:: Move to first non-blank character.
-
-Searching and Matching
-
-* String Search:: Search for an exact match.
-* Regular Expressions:: Describing classes of strings.
-* Regexp Search:: Searching for a match for a regexp.
-* Match Data:: Finding out which part of the text matched
- various parts of a regexp, after regexp search.
-* Saving Match Data:: Saving and restoring this information.
-* Standard Regexps:: Useful regexps for finding sentences, pages,...
-* Searching and Case:: Case-independent or case-significant searching.
-
-Regular Expressions
-
-* Syntax of Regexps:: Rules for writing regular expressions.
-* Regexp Example:: Illustrates regular expression syntax.
-
-Syntax Tables
-
-* Syntax Descriptors:: How characters are classified.
-* Syntax Table Functions:: How to create, examine and alter syntax tables.
-* Parsing Expressions:: Parsing balanced expressions
- using the syntax table.
-* Standard Syntax Tables:: Syntax tables used by various major modes.
-* Syntax Table Internals:: How syntax table information is stored.
-
-Syntax Descriptors
-
-* Syntax Class Table:: Table of syntax classes.
-* Syntax Flags:: Additional flags each character can have.
-
-Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion
-
-* Abbrev Mode:: Setting up Emacs for abbreviation.
-* Tables: Abbrev Tables. Creating and working with abbrev tables.
-* Defining Abbrevs:: Specifying abbreviations and their expansions.
-* Files: Abbrev Files. Saving abbrevs in files.
-* Expansion: Abbrev Expansion. Controlling expansion; expansion subroutines.
-* Standard Abbrev Tables:: Abbrev tables used by various major modes.
-
-Processes
-
-* Subprocess Creation:: Functions that start subprocesses.
-* Synchronous Processes:: Details of using synchronous subprocesses.
-* Asynchronous Processes:: Starting up an asynchronous subprocess.
-* Deleting Processes:: Eliminating an asynchronous subprocess.
-* Process Information:: Accessing run-status and other attributes.
-* Input to Processes:: Sending input to an asynchronous subprocess.
-* Signals to Processes:: Stopping, continuing or interrupting
- an asynchronous subprocess.
-* Output from Processes:: Collecting output from an asynchronous subprocess.
-* Sentinels:: Sentinels run when process run-status changes.
-* Network:: Opening network connections.
-
-Receiving Output from Processes
-
-* Process Buffers:: If no filter, output is put in a buffer.
-* Filter Functions:: Filter functions accept output from the process.
-* Accepting Output:: How to wait until process output arrives.
-
-Operating System Interface
-
-* Starting Up:: Customizing Emacs start-up processing.
-* Getting Out:: How exiting works (permanent or temporary).
-* System Environment:: Distinguish the name and kind of system.
-* Terminal Input:: Recording terminal input for debugging.
-* Terminal Output:: Recording terminal output for debugging.
-* Flow Control:: How to turn output flow control on or off.
-* Batch Mode:: Running Emacs without terminal interaction.
-
-Starting Up Emacs
-
-* Start-up Summary:: Sequence of actions Emacs performs at start-up.
-* Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}).
-* Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read.
-* Command Line Arguments:: How command line arguments are processed,
- and how you can customize them.
-
-Getting out of Emacs
-
-* Killing Emacs:: Exiting Emacs irreversibly.
-* Suspending Emacs:: Exiting Emacs reversibly.
-
-Emacs Display
-
-* Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
-* Truncation:: Folding or wrapping long text lines.
-* The Echo Area:: Where messages are displayed.
-* Selective Display:: Hiding part of the buffer text.
-* Overlay Arrow:: Display of an arrow to indicate position.
-* Temporary Displays:: Displays that go away automatically.
-* Waiting:: Forcing display update and waiting for user.
-* Blinking:: How Emacs shows the matching open parenthesis.
-* Usual Display:: How control characters are displayed.
-* Beeping:: Audible signal to the user.
-* Window Systems:: Which window system is being used.
-
-GNU Emacs Internals
-
-* Building Emacs:: How to preload Lisp libraries into Emacs.
-* Pure Storage:: A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable.
-* Garbage Collection:: Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used.
-* Object Internals:: Data formats of buffers, windows, processes.
-* Writing Emacs Primitives:: Writing C code for Emacs.
-
-Object Internals
-
-* Buffer Internals:: Components of a buffer structure.
-* Window Internals:: Components of a window structure.
-* Process Internals:: Components of a process structure.
-@end menu
-
-@c ================ Volume 1 ================
-
-@c include intro.texi
-@c include objects.texi
-@c include numbers.texi
-@c include strings.texi
-
-@c include lists.texi
-@c include sequences.texi
-@c include symbols.texi
-@c include eval.texi
-
-@c include control.texi
-@c include variables.texi
-@c include functions.texi
-@c include macros.texi
-
-@c include loading.texi
-@c include compile.texi
-@c include debugging.texi
-@c include streams.texi
-
-@c include minibuf.texi
-@c include commands.texi
-@c include keymaps.texi
-@c include modes.texi
-
-@c ================ Beginning of Volume 2 ================
-
-@include help.texi
-@include files.texi
-@include backups.texi
-@include buffers.texi
-
-@include windows.texi
-@include frames.texi
-@include positions.texi
-@include markers.texi
-@include text.texi
-
-@include searching.texi
-@include syntax.texi
-@include abbrevs.texi
-
-@include processes.texi
-@include os.texi
-@include display.texi
-@include calendar.texi
-
-@c MOVE to Emacs Manual: include misc-modes.texi
-
-@c appendices
-
-@c REMOVE this: include non-hacker.texi
-
-@include tips.texi
-@include internals.texi
-@include errors.texi
-@include locals.texi
-@include maps.texi
-@include hooks.texi
-
-@include index-vol2.texi
-
-@page
-@c Print the tables of contents
-@summarycontents
-@contents
-@c That's all
-
-@bye
-
-
-These words prevent "local variables" above from confusing Emacs.